Schematic Diagram of Traditional Mold Casting Process for High-Temperature Master Alloys
High-temperature alloys, also known as "superalloys," are a class of metallic materials based on iron, nickel, or cobalt. They are capable of long-term service at temperatures above 600°C under applied stress. These alloys offer a combination of exceptional properties, including high-temperature strength, excellent oxidation and hot corrosion resistance, good fatigue performance, and fracture toughness.
A "master alloy" refers to the refined material (typically supplied in bar form) used as feedstock for remelting and casting. Its chemical composition is precisely controlled according to customer specifications.
Currently, the vacuum induction melting (VIM) followed by metal mold casting process is widely used for producing high-temperature alloy master alloys, as illustrated in the diagram. In this conventional casting process, the refined molten metal is poured through a launder and finally into a metal mold, where it solidifies into the desired shape. This manufacturing method enables the production of high-temperature alloy master alloys with precise chemical composition. Through techniques such as controlled melting parameters, ceramic filtration, and optimized mold design, ingots with excellent metallurgical quality and superior performance can be achieved.
High-temperature alloy master alloys exhibit excellent high-temperature strength and creep resistance. Taking K418 superalloy master alloy as an example, after precise composition control and clean melting practices, its chemical composition must meet the requirements specified in Table 1 (in accordance with GB/T14992, GJB5512.1, and HB7763). Furthermore, after the master alloy is remelted and investment cast into test bars, the mechanical properties must satisfy the requirements listed in Table 2.
| Element | C | Mo | Cr | Al | Zr | Ti | B | ||||||||||
| Content(%) | 0.08~0.16 | 3.80~4.80 | 11.50~13.50 | 5.50~6.40 | 0.060~0.150 | 0.50~1.00 | 0.008~0.020 | ||||||||||
| Element | Nb | Fe | Mn | Si | S | P | O | ||||||||||
| Content(%) | 1.80~2.50 | ≤1.00 | ≤0.50 | ≤0.50 | ≤0.010 | ≤0.015 | ≤15ppm | ||||||||||
| Element | N | Pb | Sb | As | Sn | Bi | Ni | ||||||||||
| Content(%) | ≤35ppm | ≤0.0005 | ≤0.001 | ≤0.001 | ≤0.001 | ≤0.00005 | Bal. | ||||||||||
| Standard Number | Variety | Sampling | Tensile Properties | Durability Performance | ||||||||||||
| θ/℃ | σ b/MPa | σ po.2/MPa | δ5/ | ψ/% | θ/℃ | σ/MPa | T/h | δs/ | ||||||||
| ≥ | ≥ | |||||||||||||||
| GJB5515.1① | Master Alloy | Precision-cast test bar in as-cast condition | 20 | 755 | 686 | 3.0 | 一 | 750 | 608 | 40 | 3.0 | |||||
| 800 | 755 | 一 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 800 | 490 | 45 | 3.0 | ||||||||
| HB7763② | Master Alloy | Precision-cast test bar in as-cast condition | 20 | 755 | 686 | 3.0 | - | 750 | 608 | 40 | 3.0 | |||||
| 800 | 755 | 一 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 800 | 490 | 45 | 3.0 | ||||||||
| ①Stretching and endurance can be tested at one temperature. If the endurance performance is not qualified, it can be retested at 800 ℃, 471MPa, and a fracture time of not less than 80 hours. Every 10 furnaces should be selected for a long-term tensile test, and the δ 5 and ψ values after fracture should not be used as the basis for rejection. ②Tensile and stress rupture tests may be conducted at a single selected temperature. For every 10 heats produced, one heat shall be subjected to stress rupture testing until fracture, with actual measurements taken for percentage elongation (δ5) and percentage reduction of area (ψ). |
||||||||||||||||
| Grade | K417 | K418 | K419 | K438 | K444 | K452 | K4169 | |
| Chemical composition (weight%) |
C | 0.13 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.02 |
| 0.22 | 0.16 | 0.14 | 0.20 | 0.08 | 0.14 | 0.08 | ||
| Cr | 8.50 | 11.50 | 5.50 | 15.70 | 15.40 | 20.00 | 17.00 | |
| 9.50 | 13.50 | 6.50 | 16.30 | 16.30 | 21.80 | 21.00 | ||
| Mn | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.35 | |
| Mo | 2.50 | 3.80 | 1.70 | 1.50 | 1.60 | 0.30 | 2.80 | |
| 3.50 | 4.80 | 2.30 | 2.00 | 2.30 | 0.90 | 3.30 | ||
| Mb | 一 | 1.80 | 2.50 | 0.60 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 4.40 | |
| 2.50 | 3.30 | 1.10 | 0.30 | 0.35 | 5.40 | |||
| Ta | 一 | 一 | 一 | 1.50 | 一 | 一 | 0.10 | |
| 2.00 | ||||||||
| Ni | 56.78 | 69.44 | 55.76 | 58.19 | 54.60 | 52.70 | 50.00 | |
| 64.92 | 76.75 | 63.43 | 63.94 | 60.90 | 60.90 | 55.00 | ||
| Co | 14.00 | 11.00 | 8.00 | 10.00 | 10.30 | 1.00 | ||
| 16.00 | 13.00 | 9.00 | 11.00 | 12.00 | ||||
| Ti | 4.50 | 0.50 | 1.00 | 3.00 | 4.20 | 3.10 | 0.65 | |
| 5.00 | 1.00 | 1.50 | 3.50 | 5.00 | 3.90 | 1.15 | ||
| V | 0.60 | 一 | 0.10 | 一 | 一 | 一 | 一 | |
| 0.90 | ||||||||
| W | 一 | 一 | 9.50 | 2.40 | 4.70 | 3.00 | 一 | |
| 10.50 | 2.80 | 5.90 | 4.00 | |||||
| Zr | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 一 | 一 | 0.05 | |
| 0.09 | 0.15 | 0.08 | 0.15 | |||||
| Fe | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 11.57 | |
| 24.83 | ||||||||
| Al | 4.80 | 5.50 | 5.20 | 3.20 | 2.80 | 2.10 | 0.30 | |
| 5.70 | 6.40 | 5.70 | 3.70 | 3.20 | 2.90 | 0.70 | ||
| Others | 一 | 一 | Cu0.40 | 一 | Hf0.20-0.40 | B0.01-0.02 | Cu0.30 | |
| B0.06-0.10 | Zr0.02-0.06 | |||||||
| Mechanical properties of alloy materials | Temperature(°C) | 750 | 800 | 950 | 800 | 900 | 一 | Room temperature |
| Tensile Strength(σb/ Mpa) |
686 | 755 | 700 | 836 | 一 | 一 | 965 | |
| Durability Performance(σ/ Mpa) |
一 | 490 | 一 | 365 | 274 | 一 | 550 | |
| Elongation(δ 1%) |
2.5 | 4 | 6 | 16.6 | 一 | 一 | 30 | |
| Grade | GH2132 | GH3039 | GH3044 | GH3128 | GH4133 | GH4169 | GH4220 | GH4708 | |
| Chemical Composition (weight%) |
C | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.05 |
| 0.10 | |||||||||
| Cr | 13.50 | 19.00 | 23.50 | 19.00 | 19.00 | 17.00 | 9.00 | 17.50 | |
| 16.00 | 22.00 | 26.50 | 22.00 | 22.00 | 21.00 | 12.00 | 20.00 | ||
| Ni | 24.00 | 69.42 | 50.20 | 56.59 | 70.22 | 50.00 | 46.41 | 58.12 | |
| 27.00 | 77.60 | 63.20 | 65.20 | 76.65 | 55.00 | 60.65 | 70.05 | ||
| Co | 一 | 一 | 一 | 一 | 一 | 1.00 | 14.00 | 0.05 | |
| 15.50 | |||||||||
| W | 一 | 一 | 13.00 | 7.50 | 一 | 一 | 5.00 | 5.50 | |
| 16.00 | 9.00 | 6.50 | 7.50 | ||||||
| Mo | 1.00 | 1.80 | 1.50 | 7.50 | 一 | 2.80 | 5.00 | 4.50 | |
| 1.50 | 2.30 | 9.00 | 3.30 | 7.00 | 6.00 | ||||
| Al | 0.40 | 0.35 | 0.50 | 0.40 | 0.70 | 0.30 | 3.90 | 1.90 | |
| 0.75 | 0.80 | 1.20 | 0.70 | 4.80 | 2.30 | ||||
| Ti | 1.75 | 0.35 | 0.30 | 0.40 | 2.50 | 0.75 | 2.20 | 1.00 | |
| 2.30 | 0.75 | 0.70 | 0.80 | 3.00 | 1.15 | 2.90 | 1.40 | ||
| Fe | 50.17 | 3.00 | 4.00 | 0.20 | 1.50 | 11.92 | 3.00 | 4.00 | |
| 58.65 | 24.40 | ||||||||
| Nb | 一 | 0.90 | 一 | 一 | 1.15 | 4.75 | 一 | 一 | |
| 1.30 | 1.65 | 5.50 | |||||||
| V | 0.10 | 一 | 一 | 一 | 一 | 一 | 0.25 | 一 | |
| 0.50 | 0.80 | ||||||||
| B | 0.00 | 一 | 一 | 0.01 | 一 | 0.01 | 一 | 0.01 | |
| 0.01 | |||||||||
| Zr | 一 | 0.06 | 一 | 一 | 一 | ||||
| Ce | 一 | 一 | 一 | 一 | 0.01 | 一 | 一 | 0.03 | |
| Mn | 一 | 一 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.50 | 0.50 | |
| Mechanical properties of alloy materials | Temperature(°C) | Room temperature | Room temperature | 一 | 一 | Room temperature | 650 | 一 | 一 |
| Tensile Strength(σb/ Mpa) |
930 | 635 | 一 | 一 | 750 | 1000 | 一 | 一 | |
| Yield Strength(δs/ Mpa) |
590 | 一 | 一 | 一 | 1080 | 一 | 一 | 一 | |
| Elongation(δ 1%) |
15 | 3 | 一 | 一 | 16 | 15 | 一 | 一 | |
| Grade | C | Cr | Mn | Mo | Nb | Ta | Ni | Co | Ti | Hf | W | Zr | Fe | Al | Others |
| DD406 | 0.001 0.04 |
3.80 4.80 |
0.15 | 1.50 2.50 |
1.20 | 6.00 8.50 |
54.70 66.34 |
8.50 9.50 |
0.10 | 0.05 0.15 |
7.00 9.00 |
0.10 | 0.30 | 5.20 6.20 |
Re1.6~2.4 |
| DD407 | 0.007 | 7.80 8.30 |
0.01 | 2.10 2.40 |
0.15 | 3.30 3.70 |
65.7 69.4 |
5.00 6.00 |
1.80 2.20 |
0.0075 | 4.80 5.20 |
0.0075 | 0.20 | 5.80 6.10 |
- |
| DD408 | 0.03 | 15.50 16.50 |
0.15 | 一 | 一 | 0.70 1.20 |
49.62 55.50 |
8.00 9.00 |
3.60 4.20 |
一 | 5.60 6.40 |
0.007 | 0.50 | 3.60 4.20 |
Al+Ti 7.5~7.9 |
| Grade | C | Cr | Mn | Mo | Nb | Ta | Ni | Co | Ti | V | W | Zr | Fe | Al | Others |
| DZ404 | 0.10 0.16 |
9.00 10.00 |
0.50 | 3.50 4.20 |
- | - | 62.16 69.58 |
5.50 6.50 |
1.60 2.20 |
- | 5.10 5.80 |
0.02 | 1.00 | 5.60 6.40 |
- |
| DZ405 | 0.07 0.15 |
9.50 11.00 |
0.50 | 3.50 4.20 |
一 | 一 | 58.5 65.92 |
9.50 10.50 |
2.00 3.00 |
一 | 4.50 5.50 |
0.10 | 一 | 5.00 6.00 |
- |
| DZ408 | 0.07 0.10 |
8.00 8.70 |
0.10 | 0.40 0.60 |
0.10 | 2.80 3.30 |
59.03 63.27 |
9.00 10.00 |
0.60 0.90 |
0.10 | 9.30 9.70 |
0.005 0.02 |
0.20 | 5.25 5.75 |
Hf1.30~1.70 Re0.10 |
| DZ411 | 0.07 0.12 |
13.50 14.30 |
- | 1.30 1.70 |
一 | 2.50 3.10 |
58.28 62.73 |
9.00 10.00 |
4.60 5.20 |
一 | 3.50 4.10 |
一 | 一 | 2.80 3.40 |
Al+Ti≥7.80 |
| DZ417G | 0.13 0.22 |
8.50 9.50 |
0.20 | 2.50 3.50 |
- | - | 63.53 70.35 |
9.00 11.00 |
4.10 4.70 |
0.60 0.90 |
- | 一 | 0.5 | 4.80 5.70 |
- |
If you would like to learn more about our products, please feel free to contact us. We are dedicated to providing you with the assistance you need.